These different framing strategies reflect the manipulation of metaphors to appropriate ideological issues to each presidents' respective political advantage. The Democratic Progressive Party president, by contrast, tries to replace such metaphors with alternatives, which results in his overall low number of BUILDING metaphors. At the ideological level, history puts such metaphor uses into perspective as rhetorical strategies employed by Kuomintang presidents to instill a Chinese ideology.

At the conceptual level, retrospective BUILDING metaphors include FORERUNNERS ARE BUILDERS and PAST HISTORY IS FOUNDATION, and RECONSTRUCTION metaphors involve COMMUNISTS ARE DESTROYERS and THE COMMUNIST TAKEOVER IS DESTRUCTION.

These clusters of BUILDING metaphors deviate from the BUILDING metaphors reported in previous literature at two levels. Two culture-specific metaphor patterns are identified as being unusually productive in the corpora: retrospective BUILDING metaphors and RECONSTRUCTION metaphors.

This article studies the conceptual metaphor A COUNTRY IS A BUILDING in Taiwanese presidential speeches. 31 Information Technology managers of the public sector departments participated in the study. This research investigates the relationship of leadership and job characteristics in the Information Technology centers of the Malaysian public sector departments. Kata kunci: gaya kepimpinan, ciri kerja, teknologi maklumat, sektor awam Abstract. Kajian ini mendapati tiada hubungan bererti antara gaya kepimpinan dengan ciri kerja, tetapi wujud hubungan bererti antara kepimpinan transaksi dengan ciri kerja identiti tugas, maklum balas dari kerja, dan ciri kerja keseluruhan manakala kepimpinan transformasi pula hanya menunjukkan hubungan bererti dengan ciri kerja kepelbagaian kemahiran, dan tidak bererti kepada ciri kerja keseluruhan. Ciri kerja menunjukkan tahap tinggi dalam kepentingan tugas dan keperluan bekerjasama dalam menjalankan tugas tetapi dengan tahap rendah dalam autonomi tugas. Kepimpinan transformasi menunjukkan gaya karismatik tinggi berbanding komponen lain dalam gaya kepimpinan transformasi. Kepimpinan transaksi menunjukkan lebih banyak memberi pengiktirafan dan pujian kepada kakitangan profesional tetapi rendah dalam pemberian ganjaran. Seramai 31 orang pengurus Teknologi Maklumat sektor awam telah bekerjasama memberikan maklumat untuk kajian ini. Kajian ini mengkaji hubungan gaya kepimpinan dan ciri kerja di Unit/Bahagian Perkhidmatan Maklumat sektor awam Malaysia. The situation is thus able to prove that there are explicit and implicit links between the reality of the language usage and the social reality of its users.Ībstrak. This situation would highlight the evidence that lexis in a language would be able to reveal text information that could be used to understand lexical meanings and values and could also enlighten the leadership identity of its users. Semantic prosody analysis results show most often Khaled Nordin highlights four (4) text information related to the main theme education namely strengthening the quality of higher education and its academicians, strengthening research and innovation development besides quality student development, and human capital employability. A total of 20 speeches are selected at random from a collection of his speeches from 2009 to 2012 to be analyzed. Therefore, this study will describe the information that can be tapped from the use of lexis in his speech texts through the analysis of semantic prosody based on corpus linguistics. Armed with such commitment, Higher Education Minister, Datuk Seri Mohamed Khaled Nordin in his speeches often reveals the diversity of education issues in Malaysia particularly in relation to education at the tertiary level. Synergistic process conducted ultimately aims to produce a positive output acceleration of human capital that has religious and spiritual strength, self-control, personality, intelligence, good characters and competent, dedicated to the challenges and needs of the 21st century. Education generally is a planned initiative related to the teaching and learning process to produce learners who are active in developing their potential to meet their own needs and society's.

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